As a student we have encountered many science related topic which makes us more imaginative. One of which is microbiology, the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms and their effect on other living organisms. These organisms are primarily bacteria, yeast, molds and viruses. Microbiology also involves a collection of techniques to study and manipulate these small creatures. Because of their size, microscope and other methods had to be developed to allow the performance of interpretable experiments on microorganisms. These methods are not restricted to microbes alone, but have also found utility in working with populations of cells from higher organisms.

With the aid of microscope the existence of microorganisms are proven since bacteria were too small to be seen by the naked eye.It took the microscope to expose their tiny world and that instrument has been linked to microbiology since then. In 1664, Robert Hooke devised a compound microscope and used it to observe fleas, sponges, bird feathers, plants and molds. Several years later Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a fabric merchant and amateur scientist became very clever at grinding glass lenses to make microscope. By peering through microscope he observed tiny organisms. Microorganisms benefit to society by cycling organic and inorganic matter into molecules needed for life and detoxifying discarded wastes. It served as microscopic factories for the production of cheeses, alcohol and antibiotics.

Microorganisms have also engineered to produce a wide variety of products for our benefit through the emergence of biotechnology. However, it inflicted great distress to human, animal, and plant populations through disease, spoilage of crops, foods and degradation of man-made structures. Recently microorganisms have been used for terrorist weapon. Microbes cause disease in humans which include Influenza virus, West Nile virus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Surprisingly, many diseases were previously thought to have only behavioral or genetic components have been found to involve microorganisms. The clearest case is that of ulcers, which was long thought to be caused by stress and poor diet. However the causative agent is actually a bacterium, Helicobacter pylori, and many ulcers can be cured with appropriate antibiotics. Other non-infectious diseases such as heart disease, stroke and some autoimmune diseases also suggest a microbial component that triggers the illness.

Some pathogenic microbes have been controlled through the use of antibiotics are beginning to develop drug resistance and therefore reemerge as serious threats in the industrialized world as well as developing nations. Tuberculosis is an illness that was on the decline until the middle 80s. It has recently become more of a problem due to drug resistance and higher population of immunosuppressed individuals. Staphylococcus aureus strains are emerging that are resistant to many of the antibiotics that were previously effective against them. Staphylococcus infections are of great concern in the hospital settings around the world.